Scalable, Real-Time, and Information-Rich Sequence Search Over SRA

Compact, exact, and incrementally updatable indexes for searching petabyte-scale sequencing data.

The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) holds petabytes of raw sequencing data, but searching it for a given sequence has long been impractical at scale. This project builds compact, exact, and information-rich indexes that make large-scale sequence search fast and space-efficient.

We introduced Squeakr (Pandey et al., 2017) for fast and compact $k$-mer counting, and the Mantis system (Pandey et al., 2018; Almodaresi et al., 2019) for exact, large-scale sequence search. These build on succinct colored de Bruijn graph representations such as deBGR (Pandey et al., 2017) and Rainbowfish (Almodaresi et al., 2017). We made the search index incrementally updatable (Almodaresi et al., 2022), extended the approach to genomic variant search with VariantStore (Pandey et al., 2021), and most recently scaled colored compacted de Bruijn graph construction to massive datasets with Cuttlefish 3 (Khan et al., 2026). We continue to push toward faster, distributed, and noise-robust search: accelerating streaming $k$-mer operations with a dynamic, concurrent, cache-efficient hash table (Khan et al., 2026), balancing load across distributed genomic indices (Galbraith et al., 2026), and enabling noise-robust DNA search at SRA scale via local-alignment embeddings with LOCALE (Synk et al., 2026).

References

2026

  1. RECOMB 2026
    Faster and Scalable Parallel External-Memory Construction of Colored Compacted de Bruijn Graphs with Cuttlefish 3
    Jamshed Khan, Laxman Dhulipala, Prashant Pandey, and 1 more author
    In International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology 2026, 2026
  2. bioRxiv 2026
    kache-hash: A Dynamic, Concurrent, and Cache-Efficient Hash Table for Streaming k-mer Operations
    Jamshed Khan, Rob Patro, and Prashant Pandey
    bioRxiv, 2026
  3. BioDMS 2026
    Similarity-Based Load-Balancing for Distributed Genomic Indices
    Woodward Galbraith, Ilgar Mammadov, Shreyaan Pathak, and 2 more authors
    In VLDB 2026 Workshop on Biomedical Data Management Systems (BioDMS), 2026
  4. VecDB 2026
    LOCALE: Local-Alignment Embeddings for Noise-Robust DNA Search at SRA Scale
    Ryan P. Synk, Prashant Pandey, S. Cenk Sahinalp, and 1 more author
    In VLDB 2026 Workshop: The 2nd Workshop on Vector Databases (VecDB), 2026

2022

  1. BIOINFORMATICS 2022
    An Incrementally Updatable and Scalable System for Large-Scale Sequence Search using the Bentley-Saxe Transformation
    Fatemeh Almodaresi, Jamshed Khan, Sergey Madaminov, and 4 more authors
    Bioinformatics, 2022

2021

  1. Genome Biology 2021
    VariantStore: an index for large-scale genomic variant search
    Prashant Pandey, Yinjie Gao, and Carl Kingsford
    Genome biology, 2021

2019

  1. RECOMB 2019, JCB 2020
    An Efficient, Scalable and Exact Representation of High-Dimensional Color Information Enabled via de Bruijn Graph Search Problem
    Fatemeh Almodaresi, Prashant Pandey, Michael Ferdman, and 2 more authors
    In Research in Computational Molecular Biology - 23rd Annual International Conference, RECOMB 2019, Washington, DC, USA, May 5-8, 2019, Proceedings, 2019

2018

  1. RECOMB 2018, Cell Systems 2018
    Mantis: A Fast, Small, and Exact Large-Scale Sequence-Search Index
    Prashant Pandey, Fatemeh Almodaresi, Michael A. Bender, and 3 more authors
    In Research in Computational Molecular Biology - 22nd Annual International Conference, RECOMB 2018, Paris, France, April 21-24, 2018, Proceedings, 2018

2017

  1. BIOINFORMATICS 2017
    Squeakr: An Exact and Approximate K-Mer Counting System
    Prashant Pandey, Michael A. Bender, Rob Johnson, and 1 more author
    Bioinform., 2017
  2. ISMB 2017, BIOINFORMATICS 2017
    deBGR: An Efficient and Near-Exact Representation of the Weighted de Bruijn Graph
    Prashant Pandey, Michael A. Bender, Rob Johnson, and 1 more author
    Bioinform., 2017
  3. WABI 2017
    Rainbowfish: A Succinct Colored de Bruijn Graph Representation
    Fatemeh Almodaresi, Prashant Pandey, and Rob Patro
    In 17th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics, WABI 2017, August 21-23, 2017, Boston, MA, USA, 2017